Update grpc to v1.55.0 and add monkey patch

grpc v1.42 and up introduced a regression where a non-standard
exception, `GRPC::Core::CallError`, is raised instead of
DeadlineExceeded: https://github.com/grpc/grpc/issues/33283. The
monkey patch applies https://github.com/grpc/grpc/pull/33565.

This commit restores the changes in
https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/merge_requests/121899 and
introduces a monkey patch to fix the regression.

Changelog: changed