Improve error messages for implicit and explicit FromBody attribute in Minimal API #35086 (#35188)

* Improve error messages for implicit and explicit FromBody attribute in Minimal API

* Add error message for mapget when user forget to register service

* add suggested changes

* replace null with typeof(Tvalue)

* multiple frombody

* resolve more merge issues

* address pr suggestions

* address more PR comments

* clean up

* reset HttpRequestJsonExtensions.cs

src/Http/Http.Extensions/src/RequestDelegateFactory.cs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ using System.Linq;
 using System.Linq.Expressions;
 using System.Reflection;
 using System.Security.Claims;
+using System.Text;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.Features;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.Metadata;
 using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
@@ -189,6 +190,13 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http
                 args[i] = CreateArgument(parameters[i], factoryContext);
             }
 
+            if (factoryContext.HasMultipleBodyParameters)
+            {
+                var errorMessage = BuildErrorMessageForMultipleBodyParameters(factoryContext);
+                throw new InvalidOperationException(errorMessage);
+
+            }
+
             return args;
         }
 
@@ -203,6 +211,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http
 
             if (parameterCustomAttributes.OfType<IFromRouteMetadata>().FirstOrDefault() is { } routeAttribute)
             {
+                factoryContext.TrackedParameters.Add(parameter.Name, RequestDelegateFactoryConstants.RouteAttribue);
                 if (factoryContext.RouteParameters is { } routeParams && !routeParams.Contains(parameter.Name, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
                 {
                     throw new InvalidOperationException($"{parameter.Name} is not a route paramter.");
@@ -212,18 +221,22 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http
             }
             else if (parameterCustomAttributes.OfType<IFromQueryMetadata>().FirstOrDefault() is { } queryAttribute)
             {
+                factoryContext.TrackedParameters.Add(parameter.Name, RequestDelegateFactoryConstants.QueryAttribue);
                 return BindParameterFromProperty(parameter, QueryExpr, queryAttribute.Name ?? parameter.Name, factoryContext);
             }
             else if (parameterCustomAttributes.OfType<IFromHeaderMetadata>().FirstOrDefault() is { } headerAttribute)
             {
+                factoryContext.TrackedParameters.Add(parameter.Name, RequestDelegateFactoryConstants.HeaderAttribue);
                 return BindParameterFromProperty(parameter, HeadersExpr, headerAttribute.Name ?? parameter.Name, factoryContext);
             }
             else if (parameterCustomAttributes.OfType<IFromBodyMetadata>().FirstOrDefault() is { } bodyAttribute)
             {
+                factoryContext.TrackedParameters.Add(parameter.Name, RequestDelegateFactoryConstants.BodyAttribue);
                 return BindParameterFromBody(parameter, bodyAttribute.AllowEmpty, factoryContext);
             }
             else if (parameter.CustomAttributes.Any(a => typeof(IFromServiceMetadata).IsAssignableFrom(a.AttributeType)))
             {
+                factoryContext.TrackedParameters.Add(parameter.Name, RequestDelegateFactoryConstants.ServiceAttribue);
                 return BindParameterFromService(parameter);
             }
             else if (parameter.ParameterType == typeof(HttpContext))
@@ -254,18 +267,22 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http
                 // when RDF.Create is manually invoked.
                 if (factoryContext.RouteParameters is { } routeParams)
                 {
+                   
                     if (routeParams.Contains(parameter.Name, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
                     {
                         // We're in the fallback case and we have a parameter and route parameter match so don't fallback
                         // to query string in this case
+                        factoryContext.TrackedParameters.Add(parameter.Name, RequestDelegateFactoryConstants.RouteParameter);
                         return BindParameterFromProperty(parameter, RouteValuesExpr, parameter.Name, factoryContext);
                     }
                     else
                     {
+                        factoryContext.TrackedParameters.Add(parameter.Name, RequestDelegateFactoryConstants.QueryStringParameter);
                         return BindParameterFromProperty(parameter, QueryExpr, parameter.Name, factoryContext);
                     }
                 }
 
+                factoryContext.TrackedParameters.Add(parameter.Name, RequestDelegateFactoryConstants.RouteOrQueryStringParameter);
                 return BindParameterFromRouteValueOrQueryString(parameter, parameter.Name, factoryContext);
             }
             else
@@ -274,10 +291,12 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http
                 {
                     if (serviceProviderIsService.IsService(parameter.ParameterType))
                     {
+                        factoryContext.TrackedParameters.Add(parameter.Name, RequestDelegateFactoryConstants.ServiceParameter);
                         return Expression.Call(GetRequiredServiceMethod.MakeGenericMethod(parameter.ParameterType), RequestServicesExpr);
                     }
                 }
 
+                factoryContext.TrackedParameters.Add(parameter.Name, RequestDelegateFactoryConstants.BodyParameter);
                 return BindParameterFromBody(parameter, allowEmpty: false, factoryContext);
             }
         }
@@ -500,7 +519,6 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http
             return async (target, httpContext) =>
             {
                 object? bodyValue = defaultBodyValue;
-
                 var feature = httpContext.Features.Get<IHttpRequestBodyDetectionFeature>();
                 if (feature?.CanHaveBody == true)
                 {
@@ -515,12 +533,12 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http
                     }
                     catch (InvalidDataException ex)
                     {
+
                         Log.RequestBodyInvalidDataException(httpContext, ex);
                         httpContext.Response.StatusCode = 400;
                         return;
                     }
                 }
-
                 await invoker(target, httpContext, bodyValue);
             };
         }
@@ -725,7 +743,14 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http
         {
             if (factoryContext.JsonRequestBodyType is not null)
             {
-                throw new InvalidOperationException("Action cannot have more than one FromBody attribute.");
+                factoryContext.HasMultipleBodyParameters = true;
+                var parameterName = parameter.Name;
+                if (parameterName is not null && factoryContext.TrackedParameters.ContainsKey(parameterName))
+                {
+                    factoryContext.TrackedParameters.Remove(parameterName);
+                    factoryContext.TrackedParameters.Add(parameterName, "UNKNOWN");
+
+                }
             }
 
             var nullability = NullabilityContext.Create(parameter);
@@ -963,6 +988,24 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http
             public bool UsingTempSourceString { get; set; }
             public List<ParameterExpression> ExtraLocals { get; } = new();
             public List<Expression> ParamCheckExpressions { get; } = new();
+
+            public Dictionary<string, string> TrackedParameters { get; } = new();
+            public bool HasMultipleBodyParameters { get; set; }
+        }
+
+        private static class RequestDelegateFactoryConstants
+        {
+            public const string RouteAttribue = "Route (Attribute)";
+            public const string QueryAttribue = "Query (Attribute)";
+            public const string HeaderAttribue = "Header (Attribute)";
+            public const string BodyAttribue = "Body (Attribute)";
+            public const string ServiceAttribue = "Service (Attribute)";
+            public const string RouteParameter = "Route (Inferred)";
+            public const string QueryStringParameter = "Query String (Inferred)";
+            public const string ServiceParameter = "Services (Inferred)";
+            public const string BodyParameter = "Body (Inferred)";
+            public const string RouteOrQueryStringParameter = "Route or Query String (Inferred)";
+
         }
 
         private static partial class Log
@@ -1032,5 +1075,22 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http
         {
             httpContext.Response.ContentType ??= "text/plain; charset=utf-8";
         }
+
+        private static string BuildErrorMessageForMultipleBodyParameters(FactoryContext factoryContext)
+        {
+            var errorMessage = new StringBuilder();
+            errorMessage.Append($"Failure to infer one or more parameters.\n");
+            errorMessage.Append("Below is the list of parameters that we found: \n\n");
+            errorMessage.Append($"{"Parameter",-20}|{"Source",-30} \n");
+            errorMessage.Append("---------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
+
+            foreach (var kv in factoryContext.TrackedParameters)
+            {
+                errorMessage.Append($"{kv.Key,-19} | {kv.Value,-15}\n");
+            }
+            errorMessage.Append("\n\n");
+            errorMessage.Append("Did you mean to register the \"UNKNOWN\" parameters as a Service?\n\n");
+            return errorMessage.ToString();
+        }
     }
 }