Make E2E tests work on Linux, support retries, and have new Azure pipeline (#36207) (#36247)

* Make E2E tests work on Linux, support retries, and have new Azure pipeline

* Opt components E2E tests out of other CI pipelines (run only in the new one)

* Update src/Components/test/E2ETest/Tests/InputFileTest.cs

Co-authored-by: Martin Costello <martin@martincostello.com>

* Move new pipeline logic into old pipeline

Co-authored-by: Your Name <you@example.com>
Co-authored-by: Martin Costello <martin@martincostello.com>

Co-authored-by: Your Name <you@example.com>
Co-authored-by: Martin Costello <martin@martincostello.com>